Home Commercial Law Guide: Companies, Contracts, Debt Collection and Bankruptcy
Commercial Law Guide: Companies, Contracts, Debt Collection and Bankruptcy
In-depth articles and practical guides on company formation, mergers and acquisitions, bankruptcy and composition with creditors, and commercial contracts under Turkish law.
Att. Mesut İlme · Published 13 September 2026 · Türkçe
In-depth articles and practical guides on company formation, mergers and acquisitions, bankruptcy and composition with creditors (konkordato), and commercial contracts.
Featured guide: Limited Liability Company Formation Guide (in Turkish), covering the current 2026 minimum capital requirement of TRY 50,000 and the formation procedure.
Commercial Law Articles
Each article is prepared in academic depth, in light of the relevant legislation and the case law of the Court of Cassation (Yargıtay).
Company Law
Every stage of a company's life cycle, from formation to liquidation.
Limited Liability Company Formation
Formation procedure, minimum capital and registration under Article 573 of the Turkish Commercial Code (TTK).
Key points: TRY 50,000 capital · TTK Art. 573 · single-shareholder formation
Joint-Stock Company Formation
Formation of publicly held and closely held joint-stock companies, the board of directors and the general assembly.
Key points: TRY 250,000 capital · TTK Art. 329 · registered capital system
Mergers and Acquisitions
M&A transactions, due diligence and management of the legal process.
Key points: due diligence · TTK Art. 136 · transfer agreement
Withdrawal and Expulsion of Shareholders
Withdrawal for just cause, expulsion actions and the liquidation share.
Key points: TTK Art. 638 · just cause · valuation
Company Liquidation
The procedure for closing a company, the liquidator and management of the process.
Key points: TTK Art. 533 · liquidator · deletion from the trade registry
Contracts and Competition
Establishing the commercial relationship and protection against unfair competition.
Commercial Contracts
Distribution, franchise, dealership and partnership agreements.
Key points: franchise · distribution · non-compete clauses
Unfair Competition
Unfair competition actions, damages and trademark disputes.
Key points: TTK Art. 54 · damages · injunctions
Receivables, Cheques, Promissory Notes and Bankruptcy
Collecting commercial receivables and the procedures that apply in financial distress.
Law of Cheques and Promissory Notes
Bounced cheques, enforcement proceedings based on negotiable instruments and the enforcement procedure.
Key points: bounced cheques · negotiable instruments · enforcement proceedings
Bankruptcy and Composition with Creditors
Postponement of bankruptcy, applying for composition with creditors (konkordato) and the creditors' process.
Key points: composition with creditors · postponement of bankruptcy · registration of claims
Collection of Commercial Receivables
Enforcement proceedings, actions for annulment of an objection and actions for the recovery of debts.
Key points: enforcement with or without a judgment · annulment of objection · advance interest
Commercial Law Essentials
Capital Companies
- Limited liability company: minimum capital of TRY 50,000
- Joint-stock company: minimum capital of TRY 250,000
- A company may be formed by a single person
- The principle of limited liability
Points to Watch
- Personal liability for public debts
- Care in drafting the articles of association
- Restrictions on share transfers
- Confusion between trade names
Why Work with a Commercial Law Attorney?
Tailored Articles of Association
Instead of standard-form documents, articles of association drafted specifically for your company, so they do not create problems later.
Risk Management
Preventive measures against personal liability for public debts and disputes between shareholders.
Process Management
Guidance and follow-up throughout the entire process, from the application in the Central Registry Record System (MERSİS) to registration.
Our Other Practice Areas
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Commercial Law Advice
Meet with our attorney about company formation, mergers and acquisitions or commercial contracts.
Book an online appointment (in Turkish) or call +90 226 911 07 99.
Our Commercial Law Articles
View all (in Turkish)
Limited Liability or Joint-Stock Company? 2026 Comparison Guide
The real differences between a limited liability company and a joint-stock company: capital and payment rules, shareholders' liability for public debts, the form and taxation of share transfers, and financing options. A decision guide that also covers the mandatory capital increase deadline of 31 December 2026.
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